Answer:

The Standard of Perfection fixes a scale of 100 points for a perfect bird.

Each section of the bird is allotted a specified number of points, as for instance, comb 10 points, back 10 points, etc., the total of all sections being 100 points. (The number allotted to any given section is not the same in all breeds, but the total is 100.)

The judge has a card called the score card, upon which is printed the name of each section of the bird and a column of spaces for registering the amount of the defects.

The bird to be scored is critically examined in all sections and the value of each section is determined by deducting from the number of points allotted to it, the number which represents the degree of defect found. For instance, if 10 points are allotted to comb and the comb of the bird being scored possesses three-fourths the features of a perfect comb, the remaining one-fourth, which represents the defects, is deducted from the full value of 10 points, which is 2 1/2 points, and this amount is registered in the proper place on the card.

These discounts are termed cuts and after all cuts in the various sections are registered, the total is deducted from 100, which is the score of a perfect bird, and the amount remaining is the score of the bird being considered.